From: Pathological conditions re-shape physiological Tregs into pathological Tregs
Pathological conditions | Major phenotypes | PMIDs | Reference # |
---|---|---|---|
Atherosclerosis coronary disease (CAD) | Tregs in chronic stable angina patients → | 20539016 | [23] |
Tregs in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction ↑ | |||
Tregs in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients ↓ | |||
Ratio of CD4+CD2S+Foxp3+/CD4+ T cells in patients with acute coronary syndrome ↓ | 18294918 | [24] | |
CD4+CD2S+Foxp3+ Tregs in patients with unstable CAD ↓ | 17512253 | [25] | |
End stage kidney disease | Tregs sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis | 20429423 | [26] |
Type II diabetes | |||
Ratio of CD4+CD2Shigh Treg/Th17 ↓ | 21964948 | [27] | |
Ratio of CD4+CD2Shigh Treg/Th1 ↓ | 21169542 | [28] | |
Peripheral induced CD4+Foxp3+Helios− Tregs ↓ | |||
Bcl-2/Bax ratio in CD4+CD2Shigh Tregs ↓ | |||
Obesity-linked insulin resistance | Natural Tregs↓ | 21911743 | [29] |
Adaptive Tregs in visceral adipose tissue ↑ | |||
Obesity | Circulating C04+CD25÷CD127-Foxp3+ Tregs ↓ and inversely correlated with body weight | 23592653 | [30] |
Visceral adipose Tregs ↓ | 21298111 | [31] | |
Allergy | Individuals may develop allergy (Th2 predominant) or recovery (Tr1 predominant) depending on the balance between allergen-specific Th2 and Tr1 | 15173208, 14987885 | |
12704370 | [34] | ||
CD4+CD25+ Tregs inhibit TH1 and TH2, cytokine production in atopic patients | |||
SLE (lupus) | CD4+CD2S+, CD4+CD69+ and CD4+CD2Shigh Tregs ↓ | 14599852 | [35] |
The frequency →, and function of CD4+CD25+ cells ↓, CD4+Foxp3+ → | 16890406 | [36] | |
The ratio and number of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ nTregs ↓ | 17670847 | [37] | |
The ratio of CD4+IL-1G÷ iTregs, but the number → | |||
Rheumatoid arthritis | CD4+CD2sbright Tregs cell in joint fluid ↑ | 15807863, | [38] |
CD4+CD2sbright Tregs cell in peripheral blood ↓ | 15225369, 16571607 | ||
Function of CD4+CD25+Tregs ↓ | 15280421 | [41] | |
Severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis | CD4+CD25bright ↓ | 15128835 | [42] |
Sepsis | Ratio of circulating CD4.CD25÷CD45RO+CD69− Tregs/CD4+CD25— Teffectorst ↑ | 12847405, 15640650 | |
18946659 | [45] | ||
Increased CD4+CD25+CD127−Foxp3+ Tregs contribute to lymphocyte anergy Percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg ↑ | 15640650 | [44] | |
Resistance of Treg to apoptosis processes | 11292647, 15817707 | ||
Injury | CD4+CD25+ Treg function ↑ after burn injury | 16365414 | [48] |
CD3+CD4+CD2ShighCDl27lowFoxp3+ ↑ in patients with acute lung injury | 19770521 | [49] | |
Graft rejection | The frequencies and proportion of CD4+CD2S+Foxp3+ Tregs → in allograft acceptors and rejecters, but the Foxp3 expression levels in Tregs in acceptor patients are 50% higher than rejecter patients | 19109145 | [50] |
Cotransfer of purified CD4+CD2S+ Tregs along with the CD4+CD25− T cells significantly delay graft versus host disease | 11390438 | [51] | |
Inducible Tregs prolong allograft survival without newly formed innate Tregs entering the periphery | 14707064 | [52] | |
TCR+CD4−CD8− Tregs mediate acceptance of skin allografts by inducing the deletion of alloreactive CD8+ T cells | 10888927 | [53] | |
FoxP3+ Treg/CD3+ T cell ratio positively correlated with graft function at 2 years after transplantation | 18495961 | [54] | |
Cancer | CD4+CD25high Tregs ↑ in circulating and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with epithelial malignancies, inhibiting the proliferation of conventional T cells and IFN-y production | 11466340 | [55] |
CD4+CD25high Tregs with positive lL.10/TGF-p/CTLA-4 ↑ in peripheral blood, lymph nodes and tumor tissue in patients with pancreatic and breast cancer | 12193750 | [56] | |
IL-lO-producing CD4+CD2Shigh Tregs ↑ in PB, TILs, draining LNs, and ascites fluid in gastro-esophageal cancers, which were strongly associated to disease stage | 14555512, 15734494, 16328385, 12942579 | ||
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs ↑ in PB, malignant ascites, tumoral tissue, and draining INs in patients with ovarian cancer patients | 15322536 | [61] | |
Circulating CD4+CD25high Tregs ↑ in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLI), B cell-derived non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL5) | 15914560, 16403912, 17047079 | ||
CD4+CD25highCD45−RA−CD69−CD45RO+CD9S+ Tregs ↑ in acute myeloid leukemia and present higher apoptosis and proliferation | 16313258 | [65] |