Table 1 Representative growth factors and their applications for intractable wounds
From: Advances in surgical applications of growth factors for wound healing
Growth factors | Administration | Function | Effective wound type |
|---|---|---|---|
PDGF | Topical | Regulate cell growth and division, chemoattractant for mesenchymal cells, angiogenesis | Diabetic foot ulcers |
VEGF | Topical | Initiate angiogenesis; proliferation and migration of endothelial cells | Diabetic foot ulcers |
EGF | Topical or intralesional injection | Stimulate proliferation and migration of keratinocytes; increase tensile strength of new skin | Burns, non-healing ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers |
bFGF | Topical | Stimulate proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in injured skin | Pressure ulcers, venous ulcers, and burns |
GM-CSF | Topical or subcutaneous injection | Recruit Langerhans cells, stimulate proliferation and differentiation | Non-healing wounds and venous ulcers |