| |
Timely life-saving interventions (n = 54)
|
Delayed life-saving interventions (n = 114)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
40.2 (SD 15.7)
|
40.1 (SD 19.6)
|
0.97
|
|
Male, n (%)
|
45 (83.3%)
|
76 (66.7%)
|
0.02
|
|
Pre-hospital GCS
|
13 (IQR 4–14)
|
13 (IQR 8–14)
|
0.55
|
|
Pre-hospital SBP (mmHg)
|
63.5 (SD 33.8)
|
74.0 (SD 25.4)
|
0.12
|
|
Pre-hospital HR (b/min)
|
122.3 (SD 16.2)
|
121.9 (SD 16.3)
|
0.88
|
|
Trauma centre SBP (mmHg)
|
116.4 (SD 48.5)
|
111.7 (SD 38.5)
|
0.50
|
|
Trauma centre HR (b/min)
|
107.4 (SD 31.4)
|
110.4 (SD 29.1)
|
0.54
|
|
Initial lactate (mmol/l)*
| | |
0.42
|
|
0–2.0
|
7
|
24
|
|
2.1–4.0
|
18
|
34
|
|
≥ 4.0
|
22
|
40
|
|
Coagulopathy (INR > 1.5), n (%)
|
30 (55.5%)
|
60 (52.6%)
|
0.72
|
|
Initial haemoglobin (g/dl)
|
113.5 (SD 22.1)
|
117.7 (SD 27.1)
|
0.34
|
|
ISS
| | |
0.17
|
|
< 26
|
12 (22.2%)
|
42 (36.8%)
|
|
26–35
|
17 (31.5%)
|
31 (27.2%)
|
|
36–45
|
10 (18.5%)
|
22 (19.3%)
|
|
> 45
|
15 (27.8%)
|
19 (16.7%)
|
|
Number of interventions
| | |
0.94
|
|
1
|
8 (14.8%)
|
22 (19.3%)
|
|
2
|
9 (16.7%)
|
19 (16.7%)
|
|
3
|
15 (27.8%)
|
33 (28.9%)
|
|
4
|
17 (31.5%)
|
30 (26.3%)
|
|
5
|
5 (9.6%)
|
10 (8.8%)
|
|
Pre-hospital time
| | |
< 0.01
|
|
< 1.0 h
|
10 (18.5%)
|
15 (13.2%)
|
|
1.0 to < 1.5 h
|
24 (44.4%)
|
26 (22.8%)
|
|
1.5 to < 2.0 h
|
18 (33.3%)
|
28 (24.6%)
|
|
2.0 to < 2.5 h
|
2 (3.7%)
|
18 (15.8%)
|
|
≥ 2.5 h
|
0
|
27 (23.7%)
|
|
Pre-hospital care time
| | |
< 0.01
|
|
< 1.0 h
|
36
|
38
|
|
1.0–1.5 h
|
17
|
39
|
|
1.5–2.0 h
|
1
|
17
|
|
≥ 2.0 h
|
0
|
20
|
- *Missing data in 23 patients. Data presented by median ± IQR or mean ± SD
- SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, GCS glasgow coma scale, SBP systolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, INR international normalised ratio, ISS injury severity score
