Fig. 2.

Mammary progenitor cells (MPCs) differentiate to sweat gland (SG) cells in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted SG microenvironment. a Immunofluorescence staining of ATP1a1 of induced cells cultured in groups of SG extracellular matrix (SG-ECM), non-bioprinted and non-protein. Confocal images were taken at 7 days and 14 days after cultured (scale bar, 25 μm). b Gene expression of ATP1a1 of different groups. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). In comparison, the two-way ANOVA analysis was used to detect the general difference between the time factors and grouping factors. The comparisons between each group were measured in each main factor’s one-way ANOVA analysis and further the SNK-q test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. c Immunofluorescence staining of ATP1a1 and estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) of inducted cells after cultured 14 days (scale bar, 50 μm)