Fig. 5.

The Shh signaling pathway involves in the differentiation of mammary progenitor cells (MPCs) on three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted sweat gland (SG) microenvironment. a Gene expression of EDA, NF-κb, and Shh of different groups after cultured 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. b Gene expression of ATP1a1 and keratin-8 (K8) of different groups after cultured 7 and 14 days. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). The general difference was measured by the two-way ANOVA analysis. The comparisons between each group were analyzed by each main factor’s one-way ANOVA analysis and further the SNK-q test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001