Fig. 4
From: The venous ulcer continues to be a clinical challenge: an update
Cartoon of the pathophysiology of venous leg ulcers (VLUs). a The effects of valve incompetence and b the effects on tissues that lead to lipodermatosclerosis, cell death and ulceration. (Figures a and b were reprinted with permission from Mani R. Chronic Wound Management—the Evidence for Change, Parthenon Press 2002; copyright 2002 by Mani)