Fig. 2

Epithelial inflammatory cell infiltration, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression induced by burn injury. Ileal sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and extensive microscopic inflammatory cell infiltration in burn group compared with the sham group was observed (a, b, 200x). Cytokine protein levels in ileum of both groups were determined by Western blotting (c), and a summary of cytokines blots were presented as the ratio of cytokines:β-actin densities (d). Cytokine protein levels in serum of both groups were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and normalized to pg/ml of total serum volume (e). n = 5 per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. IL Interleukin, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α