Figure 2

Vascular remodeling: (a) Diagram of normal blood vessel. (b) Thickening of the intima, through the recruitment and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, is dominant form of vascular remodeling in chronic rejection. (c) Constrictive remodeling caused by a healing response and formation of scar tissue in the adventitia results in squeezing the media and intima inward. (d) Vasoconstriction is caused by reversible over contraction of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media.